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Leviathan; or the Matter, Forme and Power of a Commonwealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil by Thomas Hobbes is a philosophical treatise published in 1651.Written during the English Civil War, it explores the structure of society and legitimate government through social contract theory. Hobbes argues that humanity’s natural state is a brutal “war of all against all,” driven by individual appetites and the fear of violent death.Only a strong, absolute sovereign can prevent civil war and chaos by uniting both secular and spiritual power. This influential work presents a materialistic view of human nature and political order.
